Organizational Psychology Paper - 714 Words

Organizational Psychology your name PSY/428 September 20, 2010 Marianne Narick Organizational Psychology As organizations grow and expand globally, the growing number of business competitors who provide the same services becomes greater. Organizational psychologists are a benefit to organizational success, regardless of size. Organizational Psychologists can offer fresh ideas for improvement using various methods of study and research. One important step in understanding the people within an organization is to understand their behavior. How employees behave within an organization has an influence upon the lives of coworkers. Employees do not always consider the impact of decisions unless the result is beneficial or†¦show more content†¦Organizational psychology begins with an assessment and ends with an evaluation. An organizational psychologist can help management determine what position an employee would be most productive and efficient in. A manager can then review productivity and determine if the employee were placed in the best position and is satisfied with the r esults. Research and Statistics Organizational psychologists conduct a wide range of research and statistics that provide information about an organization. Statistics is data that is used in an effort increase productivity and employee satisfaction. A psychologist is under the expectation to make unbiased recommendations for organizations that benefit both the employee and organization. A psychologist researches numerous factors to determine if the employee is happy and satisfied with his job. A psychologist will take into account: sex, religion, gender, disabilities, physical attributes, job skills, and experience. This type of research expands on workplace behaviors and proposes an intervention that an organizational psychologists may propose to management. How Organizational Psychology Can Be Used Organizational psychology can help determine why employees do not work well with others, cause absenteeism, contribute to employee turnover, and explain why an employees productivity has dropped or increased. Proactively, organizational psychology can be used to create policies and procedures. Reactively,Show MoreRelatedIndustrial/Organizational Psychology Paper794 Words   |  4 PagesAre you fit to be an Industrial or Organizational Psychologist? Most would say yes in a heartbeat Industrial psychologists associate themselves with people in the workplace. Industrial psychology is often called personnel psychology, which is directly related to the field also known as organizational psychology. Usually industrial psychologists evaluate the differences between individual workers and also individual jobs. Organizational psychologists normally seek the understanding of how workersRead MoreOrganizational Psychology Paper Psy 428924 Words   |  4 PagesOrganizational Psychology Pape r Shanna Brookins PSY/428 12/12/2011 Organizational Psychology Paper Introduction Organizational psychology is the study of a formal organization and how individuals and groups act within that organization; in other words, the scientific study of the workplace. The goal of organizational psychology is to help organizations function the best way possible. This is achieved by helping people understand their interactions with each other and create an environmentRead MoreJob Satisfaction1431 Words   |  6 PagesRUNNING HEADER: Job Satisfaction Team Paper Job Satisfaction Team Paper PSY428 June 21, 2010 Maria Cuddy-Casey Job Satisfaction Team Paper With today’s ever-changing, stressful environment individual job satisfaction is critical to the success of any organization. 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As the new editorial team begins its term, I want to take this opportunity to share my vision and plans for Personnel Psychology. To understand where we are heading, however, it is helpful to first consider where Personnel Psychology has been. As former editor John Hollenbeck noted when describing some of Personnel Psychology s past ground-breaking researchRead MoreIndustrial Organizational Psychology : How Or If They Are Correctly Based On Past And Current Researc h1259 Words   |  6 PagesIndustrial Organizational psychology (I/O psychology) is the study of human behavior in the workplace or organizational settings. The study of Industrial Organizational psychology is used to conduct research in order to develop and apply solutions to conflicts in an organizational setting (Spector, 2011, p. 5). This paper will highlight topics of Industrial Organizational psychology in the film ANTZ and analyze how or if they are correctly based on past and current research used in the field. 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Analysis Of The Book The Scarlet Letter - 1143 Words

In the book,The Scarlet Letter, there are many questions that grab the reader’s attention. One of the most intriguing and thought ­provoking question is, â€Å"Is Hester Prynne a good mother and should she be allowed to keep Pearl?† This question does not have a simple yes or no answer, the reader must take into account many things the author mentions in the book. However, after careful consideration, one might find that Hester is not, in fact, a good mother, but should be allowed to keep Pearl. There is an abundance of information found within the text to support the answer to this question. The biggest reason that supports this is that while Hester is not very maternal or loving, she still cares for Pearl and understands what Pearl has to go through. In comparison, Pearl is an allegory for the Scarlet Letter on Hester’s bosom, and is basically bound to Hester until the truth is revealed. Pearl is also a â€Å"child of sin† and would most like ly be rejected by most families in the Puritan community. While Hester is standing out on the platform being shamed, the infant in her arms begins to wail and Hester â€Å"mechanically† begins to comfort the child. While Hester may not necessarily be loving towards the baby, she still makes an effort which shows that she cares somewhat and demonstrates a basic maternal instinct.Then, when she takes Pearl back into the jail with her, she forgets about the baby altogether when Roger Chillingworth enters, showing she may be unfit toShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Book The Scarlet Letter 2314 Words   |  10 PagesKatya Flaska American Literature Period 5 10 August 2014 The Scarlet Letter Book Analysis 1. The book is The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorn. The genre of the novel is historical fiction. 2. The preamble describes how the book came to be written. The narrator was a surveyor of the customhouse in Salem, where he discovered documents he used to write the story. He uncovered a manuscript with a scarlet â€Å"A†, which contained the events recorded by a previous surveyor in the 1600s. When the narratorRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Scarlet Letter 1120 Words   |  5 Pages From the very first chapter, the Scarlet Letter guides readers on a journey that explores the darkness of the human heart and redemption from sin. It is in the Massachusetts Bay Colony that we introduced to a trio of characters interconnected by their sins: an adulteress, a minister and a physician. The adulteress is a woman named Hester Prynne who, as punishment for her transgressions, must wear a scarlet A on chest and is shunned by her community. Yet, Hester s eventual acceptance of herRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Scarlet Letter 1141 Words   |  5 PagesBlake Allison P#1 AP NOVEL FORM 1. Title: The Scarlet Letter 2. Author and date of first publication: Nathaniel Hawthorne, 1850 3. List four main characters with a one-sentence description of each. a. Hester Prynne- Hester Prynne, the protagonist and wearer of the scarlet letter, is a very independent, loving, intelligent, and at times depressed woman who is the mother of Pearl. b. Arthur Dimmesdale- Arthur Dimmesdale, the father of Pearl, is a reverend in town who is greatly honored forRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Scarlet Letter 1563 Words   |  7 PagesReading The Scarlet Letter again, I imagine Hester Prynne as she steps out of the Boston jail. She carries her out-of-wedlock baby in her arms but does not hide the A she wears on her breast. Her crime, though it will never be named in the book by more than an initial, is placed on exhibition. Yet she has converted the letter into her own statement by fantastic flourishes of gold embroidery. She is a mystery beyond the reach not only of her fellow Bostonians but also of the readerRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Scarlet Letter 1628 Words   |  7 PagesThe book, The Scarlet Letter, is about the struggle three people face while trying to live their lives and find happiness. In the early 1640s, Hester has come to the small town of Boston, Massachusetts, while her husband, Chillingworth, w as back in Great Britain. Hester and Arthur Dimmesdale, the town s priest, engage in the act of adultery and have a baby girl named Pearl, though only Hester knows that Dimmesdale is the father. She has promised Dimmesdale not to give up his identity. HesterRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Scarlet Letter 1404 Words   |  6 Pageswhere the scarlet letter, A, is an extended metaphor that symbolizes a multitude of things: adultery, sin, charity, righteousness, grace, and the danger of merely thinking symbolically. It also compares and contrasts the current states of Prynne, Arthur Dimmesdale, and Arthur Chillingworth. With this, it has a logical progression to the book’s ultimate conclusion. This section can be done in a bulleted format with brief (2-3 sentences) summaries by chapter if that works for the book. Chapter 1:Read MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Scarlet Letter 1184 Words   |  5 PagesAs I began my summer reading assignment I wasn’t too amused at the beginning chapters of the â€Å"Scarlet Letter,† With Hawthorne throwing around words like â€Å"quietude† I wasn’t sure if it was truly the difference in his old English speech, or if he was tossing in obscure words just to send people looking through their dictionaries to find out if he had, in fact, made the word up, or not. But, as I delved deeper into Hawthorn’s work I found a brilliant story with some of the richest charactersRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Scarlet Letter Essay1022 Words   |  5 Pagesand women was even more prominent and obvious during the antebellum era. In The Scarlet Letter By Nathanial Hawthorne there was Hester Prynne and in The Two Offers By Frances Ellen Watkins Harper, there was Janette Alston. Both of these women, rose above the rest, through adversity, hardship, and against all odds still came out on top, even during a time period that didn’t appreciate a strong woman. In â€Å"The Scarlet Letter†, Hester Prynne, was thrown in jail and forced to wear a symbol of her sin andRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Scarlet Letter 2029 Words   |  9 PagesThe Evolution of the A in The Scarlet Letter â€Å"So, in the course of the novel, the ‘A’ seems to encompass the entire range of human beingness, from the earthly and passionate ‘adulteress’ to the pure and spiritual ‘angel,’ taking into account everything in between,† begins Claudia Durst Johnson (128). Many believe the A in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter possesses only one meaning - adulterer; however, Hawthorne imbues the symbolic letter with diverse definitions. In the novel, HawthorneRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Scarlet Letter 1961 Words   |  8 PagesVital to the â€Å"A† The Scarlet Letter is a book complete of secrets and deceptions. The book teaches you about the difference about telling the truth or keeping it a secret. It shows you the challenges of both telling the truth and keeping a secret from everyone. There are many vital scenes throughout the book. With many of the scenes, if they weren’t in the book it would have had a completely different ending. The Scarlet Letter is a book full of eventful scenes that keep the book both exciting and interesting

Reliability of Human Memory Free Essays

The reliability of human memory, though typically seen as quite accurate and trust- worthy, has been questioned by researchers in recent decades. In particular, one area of memory that has raised questioning is emotional memories that are extraordinarily vivid and detailed, which were first referred to as flashbulb memories’ in 1977 by Roger Brown and James Kulak, which occur due to powerful events such as the death of Princess Diana, and the terrorist attacks on 9/1 1 . These memories are not as reliable as perceived, and do not provide accurate details of past events liable. We will write a custom essay sample on Reliability of Human Memory or any similar topic only for you Order Now This can be seen in the following two Journal articles; one which looks at memory recollection after 9/1 1 occurred over 3 different time periods, straight after, 1 year after and 3 years after, and the other looks at the flashbulb memories produced after the nuclear attacks in Japan in 1999. It is important to adopt the idea that flashbulb memories do not provide accurate details of past events reliably, and more so look at them Just like every other memory. The first Journal article examines long-term retention of memory from the tragedy hat is the terrorist attacks of September 1 1 . The study had over 3000 individuals from seven US cities report on their learning of the attacks, as well as details about the attack, one week, 11 months and 35 months after the assault. The following were focused on in the study: † (1) the long-term retention of flashbulb and event memories, (2) the comparative retention of emotional reactions with the retention of other features of a flashbulb event, (3) possible difference in the underlying processing associated with the formation and retention of flashbulb and event memories, and (4) the factors that shape long-term retention, including the role of memory practices. † (Hirsh W. Et al, 2009, Para. 3) The study was conducted simply through 3 similarly designed surveys for the different time periods, with the first 6 questions relating to developing consistency of flashbulb memories, the next 4 on the accuracy of event memories, and the remaining questions on predictors, with confidence levels recorded for each answer as well. Concluding the research study, it was found that the rate of forgetting for flashbulb memories and event memory lows after a year, the strong emotional reactions drawn out by flashbulb events are remember poorly, and that the content of flashbulb and event memories stabilizes after a year. The second Journal article consists of a study that looks at the nuclear accident that occurred in Japan, in 1999 and whether or not different aspects such as the source, place, activity or people have an effect on the accuracy of flashbulb memories. The study was conducted through a questionnaire which was distributed twice; 3 weeks and a year after the event occurred, to people that lived on the site of the bombing as ell as in the surrounding area. The questionnaire asked such questions as â€Å"from where did you receive the news? And, â€Å"how many times did you talk about it with other people? † at both time periods to see the consistency of answers, along side to see if there was any outside influence on the persons memory. The results from the study determined that only a small portion of participants indicated accurate flashbulb memories, alongside this, those that did have accurate flashbulb memories reported rehearsing the memory more than those that had inaccurat e memories – his encourages the idea that flashbulb memories are formed through rehearsal, rather than at encoding. (Attain, h. , et al. , 2005, p. ) Like every study, the one regarding September 1 lath also has strengths and weaknesses when collecting and evaluating the data to come to a conclusion on the accuracy of flashbulb memories, however the strengths of the study outweigh that of the weaknesses. The first strength of the study is that it provides data not only from one time period from when the event occurred, but from multiple so that it can not only look at how much is remembered over a certain period of time, but also to an extent at what rate memory retention declines, as well as stabilizes, which as mentioned earlier the rate of forgetting slows after a year. Another strength of the study is that by providing confidence levels, it also helps to show whether or not the person doing the survey was guessing to fill in the answers, or if they genuinely believed what their memory was telling them, which as a result showed on a whole that memory is not as trustworthy as perceived, with many people reporting different Tories several years later, with very high confidence levels. Weaknesses are also evident in the study, however not as weighted as the strengths for it. One weakness that is prominent in the study is that because the survey is not done in a controlled environment, and is rather sent in the mail to the person, when completing the survey there could be other factors in the persons home which may potentially affect what they are thinking at the time, and thus could provide inaccurate data in the long run. Another weakness in the study, although it does not have too large of an impact, s that health issues had not been accounted for, which in turn could potentially alter the overall data. Overall it can be seen that the strengths of the study outweigh that of the weaknesses, and therefore the study provides accurate data which in turn shows that flashbulb memories do not provide accurate details of past events reliably. The study conducted regarding the nuclear accident in Japan has numerous strengths and weaknesses involved in the collection and evaluation of the data, which ultimately affects the outcome of the study. In this study the strengths outweighed that of the weaknesses. The first noticeable strength in the study is that it looks at the four different aspects – the source, place, activity and people – which provides a broader understanding of what information, if any, is retained accurately. Though from the study it showed that each factor didn’t have too large of an impact, and that flashbulb memory is not as accurate as first thought. Another strength of the study is that unlike in the first study, for this one the exact same questionnaire was used at both different time periods, so that it is a lot easier to compare insistence, rather than having different questions which potentially could be interpreted incorrectly. Alongside the strengths of the study, there are also weaknesses, one of which being that it does not look at lengthier time periods after the event happened, and it only looks at 2, unlike the other study which looked at 3. This could throw out the overall results of the study, however it still provides a general idea. Another weakness in the study is that Just like the first study, it does not take into account peoples health problems, or even age, which has a chance of providing incorrect data. However, looking at the strengths of the study, they outweigh the weaknesses in the sense that they show that flashbulb memories do not provide accurate details of past events reliably. In conclusion, the human memory, is not reliably accurate in providing details of past events. This was shown specifically after analyzing different Journal articles that look at flashbulb memories. In conclusion to the Journal article that tested flashbulb memory against the 9/1 1 attacks, it was concluded that the strong emotional reactions drawn out by flashbulb events are remember poorly, and that the content f flashbulb and event memories stabilizes after a year. In the following study that was conducted after the nuclear accident that occurred in Japan in 1999 was analyses, it was concluded that the idea that flashbulb memories are formed through rehearsal, rather than at encoding. After analyzing the following articles, it has been concluded that flash bulb memory is not and has not been reliable for recollecting events accurately. For future research for each of the studies, the surveys should be consistent over the time period so that accurate information is collected. Also, health ND age should be taken into account to reduce risk for incorrect data. How to cite Reliability of Human Memory, Papers